关键词: 高速铁路, 轮轨噪声, 车轮扁疤, 多边形磨耗, 噪声特性

Abstract: To investigate the influence of wheel damage severity on the noise radiation characteristics of both wheels and rails, this study established a flexible wheel-rail coupled noise prediction model based on the finite element method and boundary element method. The accuracy of the model is verified through experiments, and the wheel-rail noise radiation characteristics were systematically analyzed under various conditions including different polygonal wear orders/depths and different stages/lengths of wheel flat scars. The results demonstrate that: For wheel polygonal wear above 12th order, when the wear depth is ≤0.02 mm, the sound pressure level difference between damaged and intact wheels remains within 5 dB. However, when the wear depth ≥0.04 mm, the difference in wheel noise radiation increases rapidly. The rail noise amplification shows a positive correlation with wear parameters-every 0.02 mm increase in wear depth elevates the sound pressure level by 2~5 dB. The increase in harmonic order raises the excitation frequency of the wheel-rail system, with every 2-order increase leading to a 3~10 dB enhancement in rail noise. New flat scars generate stronger impact noise due to their sharp edges, producing wheel and rail noise levels at least 5 dB higher than aged flat scars. As the flat scar length increases, the geometric impact effect diminishes, causing the noise radiation characteristics of new and aged flat scars with identical lengths to converge. These findings provide deeper insights into the generation mechanisms of wheel-rail noise and offer theoretical support for damage classification based on acoustic signature analysis.

Key words: high-speed railway, wheel-rail noise, wheel flat, polygonal wear, noise characteristics