Abstract: This study establishes a structure-acoustic cavity coupling model using statistical energy analysis to predict the acoustic characteristics of a 13-platform railway hub. Numerical simulations investigate noise distribution patterns under three operational conditions: single-train passing, mid-platform train crossing, and 70% track occupancy parking at 200km/h. The results demonstrate that platforms 5 and 6 exhibit the highest noise exposure levels, reaching 90.51dB(A) and 91.98dB(A) respectively at 630Hz during single-train operations. Train crossing scenarios increase noise levels to 93.67dB(A) and 93.61dB(A) for platforms 5 and 6, exceeding current noise control standards. Acoustic treatment simulations reveal that applying broadband absorptive materials (α=0.8) to ceiling and floor surfaces achieves 6.2-8.5dB(A) noise reduction in critical areas. This modeling approach provides theoretical guidance for acoustic design optimization in high-speed railway hub platforms.

Key words: Pass-by noise, High-speed train, Platform noise, Statistical energy method

摘要： 本研究基于统计能量分析法建立了结构-声腔耦合系统模型，预测某13台25线交通枢纽站台的声场特性。通过数值模拟分析了高速列车以200km/h速度运行时，单车独立越站、双车中部交会及70%股道占用停车工况下的站台噪声分布特征。研究结果表明：距离列车最近的5、6站台噪声暴露水平最为显著，在630Hz中心频率下，单车越站工况中第5站台噪声级为90.51dB(A)，第6站台达91.98dB(A)；双车交会工况下，第5、6站台噪声级分别升至93.67dB(A)和93.61dB(A)，超过现行噪声控制标准限值。通过在站台天花板铺设吸声材料后，站台区域的噪声级可降低6.2-8.5 dB(A)。该研究可为高速铁路枢纽站台的声学设计与噪声控制提供理论依据。

关键词: 过站噪声, 高速列车, 站台噪声, 统计能量法