Abstract: Given the lack of research on traffic noise control in rural residential areas along national highways, this paper takes a typical courtyard-style residence in the Xishan Town section of G320 as an example, combines on-site monitoring and Cadna/A three-dimensional simulation, and quantitatively evaluates the noise reduction effects of measures such as road setback, traffic control, sound barriers, and courtyard walls. The results show that increasing the road setback can significantly attenuate noise, and when the distance increases from 25 m to 425 m, the noise reduction can exceed 20 dB(A); in traffic control, road speed limit is better than simply reducing traffic volume or heavy vehicle ratio; increasing the height and length of the sound barrier can attenuate noise, and the effect is particularly significant when the height reaches 4.5 m; the courtyard wall can effectively reduce courtyard noise, and the facade noise attenuation is restricted by factors such as building height and road width. The three proposed coordinated solutions of "setback-speed limit-sound barrier-courtyard wall" can all control the nighttime noise in the front yard to below 55 dB(A) and the noise in the backyard and atrium to below 50 dB(A), fully meeting the noise limit requirements of GB 3096-2008 and significantly improving the acoustic environment of the facades facing the road. The research results provide a scientific basis and technical guidance for the acoustic environment management of residential buildings along the national highway.

Key words: national highway, traffic noise, rural residence, outdoor noise, noise control, Cadna/A, simulation

摘要： 针对国道沿线乡村民居交通噪声控制的研究不足，文中以 G320 西山镇段典型合院式住宅为例，结合现场监测与 Cadna/A 三维仿真，定量评估了道路退距、交通管制、声屏障与院墙等措施的降噪效果。结果表明：道路退距增大可显著衰减噪声，当距离从25 m增至425 m时，降噪可超过20 dB(A)；在交通管制中，道路限速优于单纯降低车流量或重车比；声屏障高度与长度的增加均可衰减噪声，在高度达到4.5 m时效果尤为显著；院墙可有效降低庭院噪声，外立面噪声衰减则受建筑高度与道路宽度等因素制约。所提出的“退距?限速?声屏障?院墙”三套协同方案，均可将夜间前院噪声控制至 55 dB(A) 以下，后院与中庭低于 50 dB(A)，全面满足GB 3096?2008的噪声限值要求，并显著改善临道路外立面声环境。研究成果为国道沿线民居声环境治理提供了科学依据和技术指导。

关键词: 国道, 交通噪声, 乡村民居, 室外噪声, 噪声控制, Cadna/A软件, 仿真