Abstract: With the rapid development of urban rail transit systems, vibration issues associated with rail transportation have become increasingly prominent. To develop scientifically sound and effective vibration and noise mitigation measures, establishing accurate and efficient vibration prediction methods serves as a crucial prerequisite. Addressing the current challenge of balancing accuracy and computational efficiency in rail transit vibration prediction, this study proposes a hybrid analytical transfer function and on-site measurement rapid prediction methodology. The proposed approach involves calculating vibration transmission characteristics from excitation sources to receiving structures through theoretical modeling, while incorporating measured ground vibration for calibration, thereby achieving accurate prediction of building structural vibrations under actual track irregularity conditions. The methodology's core idea lies in partitioning the vibration transmission system into four subsystems, each modeled using distinct theoretical methods: multibody dynamics for train subsystem modeling, wave propagation theory and stiffness matrix methods for soil dynamic response, substructure methodology for soil-structure interaction analysis, and impedance theory for building structural response prediction. Experimental validation confirms that the predicted building vibration responses demonstrate excellent agreement with field measurements in the frequency domain. This research contributes a novel technical solution for environmental vibration assessment in rail transit applications.

Key words: metro vibration, transfer function, hybrid prediction, on-site measurement, frequency domain solution

摘要： 随着城市轨道交通的快速发展，轨道交通振动问题日益凸显。为制定科学有效的减振降噪措施，建立精确高效的振动预测方法成为关键前提。针对当前轨道交通振动预测中精度与效率难以兼顾的问题，本文提出了一种混合解析传递函数和现场实测的地铁车辆段上盖建筑振动快速预测方法。该方法通过理论模型计算振动从振源到受振体的传递特性，并结合实测地面振动数据进行修正，实现了考虑实际轨道不平顺条件下建筑结构振动的准确预测。计算振动传递特性的核心在于将振动传递系统划分为四个子系统，并使用多个理论方法对各子系统进行建模，包括，用于建立列车模型的多体动力学、用于建立土体模型的波动理论和刚度矩阵法、用于建立土—结构相互作用模型的子结构法和用于建立建筑结构模型的阻抗理论。验证结果表明，该方法预测的建筑结构振动响应与现场实测数据在频域内具有良好的一致性。这一研究成果为轨道交通环境振动评估提供了新的技术手段。

关键词: 地铁振动, 传递函数, 混合预测, 现场实测, 频域解