Abstract: In the present work, the soundscape elements in three kinds of urban parks (coastal park, street park and general park) are studied. Wave sound, road traffic noise and water-flowing sound were considered as background sounds of these three kinds of parks respectively. Primary quantification of seven sounds including the wind sound, traffic noise, and birdsong and so on was analyzed in the scenes of the three kinds of parks with and without background sounds. According to the experiment results of subjective evaluation on soundscape elements and their sound levels, it is shown that people prefer natural sounds such as birdsong and sound of flowing water rather than artificial sounds such as the sound of broadcasting and traffic noise. Birdsong is considered as the most delightful and harmonious sound in all parks. Finally, the suitable sound level of each soundscape element was explored and the relationship between sound level and subjective evaluation was determined primarily.

Key words: acoustics, urban park, soundscape element, quantification

摘要： 以三种典型的城市公园（海滨公园，街心公园和综合性公园）为研究对象进行声景观要素分析。其中，海浪声、交通噪声和流水声被视为公园内的背景声。通过实验室主观评价研究，对包括风声、道路交通噪声、鸟鸣声在内的城市公园中经常出现的七种声音进行了与舒适度相对应的定量化研究。结果表明：在城市公园中，与人工声（例如广播声和交通噪声等）相对比，实验被试者更喜欢鸟声和流水声等自然的声音，其中鸟声被认为是与各种公园都最和谐也最能引起人愉悦感的声音。与此同时，在有无背景声的情况下，对各种声音的最适宜声压级和主观评价如何随声压级变化的规律进行了初步的研究和探讨。

关键词: 声学, 城市公园, 声景观要素, 定量化