Abstract: Addressing prevalent market complaints regarding noise in the passenger vehicle market and incorporating human auditory sensitivity across frequency bands, this study consolidates the industry-standard metrics—Acoustic Transfer Function (ATF) and Noise Reduction (NR)—into a unified weighted indicator: Weighted Compound Noise Reduction (WCNR). This single-value metric quantifies the overall acoustic insulation performance of vehicles. Through structural analysis of sunshades, the specific flow resistance is identified as the key acoustic performance indicator. Combined with the layout environment of a sunshade, the sound insulation and sound absorption properties are investigated. While sound insulation increases monotonically with rising flow resistivity, the absorption coefficient initially rises and then declines. A Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) model was established for a sedan featuring a roof glass panel, enabling vehicle sound insulation simulation and experimental validation. Results indicate that maximum WCNR is achieved at a flow resistivity of approximately 103 Pa·s/m. Compared to configurations without sunshades, this optimization yields an improvement of approximately 1.1 dB.

Key words: Acoustic Transfer Function, Noise Reduction, Weighted Compound Noise Reduction, sunshade, specific airflow resistance

摘要： 根据乘用车市场噪声问题市场抱怨情况，结合人耳对噪声各频段的敏感程度，将当前行业中的声传函（Acoustic transfer function，ATF）和噪声降低量（Noise reduction，NR）进行指标合并，建立加权汽车隔声指标，用单值表现汽车整体的隔声水平。通过分析遮阳帘结构，识别出遮阳帘关键声学指标比流阻。结合遮阳帘布置环境，进行零件级隔声和吸声性能仿真和验证。随着比流阻的增加，吸声系数先增大后减小，隔声量一直增加。对某含车顶玻璃的轿车进行统计能量建模，进行整车级隔声的仿真和验证。研究结果表明比流阻处于103 Pa·s/m左右时，可获得最大的加权汽车隔声改善量。与不加遮阳帘相比，改善约1.1 dB。

关键词: 声传函, 噪声降低量, 汽车隔声, 遮阳帘, 比流阻