Abstract: By changing the structure and parameters, the rectangular air spring can have an ideal ratio of vertical stiffness to lateral stiffness, which can satisfy the engineering requirements. Considering the nonlinearity of the rubber-cord composite material, the geometric nonlinear process caused by large deformation and the contact between the rigid base plate and the flexible capsule, a finite element model for the rectangular air spring was established, its vertical stiffness and lateral stiffness were calculated and their characteristic curves with different initial gas pressures, gas volumes, cord angles and number of cord layers were plotted. The influence of these factors on the air spring’s stiffness was analyzed. Finally, the reliability of the results of the finite element analysis was proved by the experimental testing.

Key words: vibration and wave, vibration isolation, air spring, finite element analysis, stiffness

摘要： 长方体形空气弹簧因其结构特点可以通过改变特性参数和工况获得理想的垂向和横向刚度比，从而可以更好地满足工程应用的要求。综合考虑橡胶-帘布复合材料的材料非线性、大变形过程中的几何非线性以及基座刚性板与胶囊柔性体之间的接触非线性，建立长方体形空气弹簧的有限元模型，分别计算并绘制在不同的初始工作气压、气体容积、帘线层数以及帘线角度下空气弹簧的垂向与横向刚度特性曲线，并研究这些因素对其刚度特性的影响。最后，通过试验证明有限元分析结果的可靠性。

关键词: 振动与波, 隔振, 空气弹簧, 有限元分析, 刚度